Studies of radiation:

Overview and techniques:

• Consideration of the total environment in power reactor waste disposal

• Summary: Ecological Effects of Nuclear War

• Scanning systems for the rapid determination of radioactivity in ecological materials

• Ecological aspects of waste disposal

• Ecological and Radioecological Investigations at the AEC Savannah River Plant, Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia.

• Laboratory of radiation ecology, AEC Savannah River Plant

• Development of a 137-cesium facility for ecological research, U.S. Atomic Energy Commission

Effects on plants:

• Recovery of hardwood stands 3-5 years following acute irradiation

• Irradiation of natural vegetation: an experimental facility, procedures and dosimetry

• Interactions of gamma radiation and other environmental stresses upon pine seeds and seedlings

• Effects of ionizing radiation on a pine forest

• Interactions of gamma radiation and drought upon Pinus elliottii and Pinus palustris

• Effects of gamma irradiation on growth in slash pine seedlings when different plant parts are exposed

• Effects of short-term gamma irradiation on an old field

• Effects of gamma irradiation on prickly pear cactus

• Differential radiation sensitivities of races of Sedum pulchellum Michx: a useful method of plant identification

Effects on invertebrates:

• A microcage for radioassay of live insects with automatic counting equipment

• The effect of coprophagy on retention and bioelimination of radionuclides by detritus-feeding animals

• The recolonization of gamma-irradiated soil by small arthropods: a preliminary study

Effects on birds:

• Responses of broiler chicks to gamma-radiation exposures: changes in early growth parameters

• Avian uptake of fission products from an area contaminated by low-level atomic wastes

• Some effects of X-irradiation on the breeding biology of eastern bluebirds

• Relative sensitivity of nestlings of wild passerine birds to gamma radiation

• Some effects of neutron-gamma radiation on late summer bird populations

Effects on mammals:

• Influence of temperature on the susceptibility of the old-field mouse (Peromyscus polionotus) to acute radiation

• Response of rodents to acute gamma radiation under field conditions

• Response of wild rodents to acute gamma radiation

• Effect of acute gamma radiation on wild opossum, gray fox, raccoon and bobcat

• The effect of neutron-gamma radiation on free-living small mammals

• Effects of radiation on survival of wild cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) in enclosed areas of natural habitat

Tracer Studies:

• Excretion of orally administered zinc-65 by wild small mammals

• A radionuclide tracer study of arthropod food chains in a Spartina salt marsh ecosystem

• Radionuclide tracer measurement of food web diversity in nature

• A "stem well" method of introducing radioisotopes into plants to study food chains

• Bioelimination of tracer 65Zn in relation to metabolic rates in mice

• Accumulation and transfer of 45Ca by the biota of a tagged cornfield

• Radioisotope tagging through seed soaking

• Excretion rate of radio-isotopes as indices of metabolic rates in nature: biological half-life of zinc-65 in relation to temperature, food consumption, growth and reproduction in arthropods

• Experimental isolation of food chains in an old-field ecosystem with the use of phosphorus-32

• Uptake of P32 and primary productivity in marine benthic algae

• Population density of the underground ant, Lasius flavus, as determined by tagging with P32

• Excretion of orally administered zinc-65 by the cotton rat in the laboratory and field

• Radioactive tracers as an aid to the measurement of energy flow at the population level in nature

• Transfer and bioelimination of tracer 65Zn during predation by spiders on labeled flies

• A method for intensity labelling of fungi for ecological studies

• Effect of food availability on rates of loss of 45calcium from Hyphantria cunea (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae)

• 32-Phosphorus tracer studies of a horseweed-aphid-ant food chain

• Uptake and loss of zinc-65 in the dragonfly Plathemis Lydia

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               Contaminants  Radiation

Studies of radiation:

Overview and techniques:

• Radiocaesium dynamics in a contaminated floodplain ecosystem in the southeastern United States. Impacts of Nuclear Releases into the Aquatic Environment

• Relationships among plutonium contents of soil, vegetation and animals collected on and adjacent to an integrated nuclear complex in the humid southeastern United States of America

• Seasonal cycling of cesium-137 in a reservoir

• Response of a forest ecotone to ionizing radiation

• Patterns of radiocesium in the sediments of a stream channel contaminated by production reactor effluents

• Plutonium inventories in two old-field ecosystems in the vicinity of a nuclear-fuel reprocessing facility

• The distribution of 239,240Pu, 238Pu, and 137Cs in various particle size classes of Lake Michigan sediments

Effects on soil organisms and plants:

• A comparative study of the effects of acute and chronic gamma irradiation on total soil respiration

• Uptake of americium-241 by algae and bacteria

• Effect of naturally occurring organics on plutonium-237 uptake by algae and bacteria

• Effects of naturally occurring aquatic organic fractions on 241Am uptake by Scenedesmus obliquus (Chlorophyceae) and Aeromonas hydrophila (Pseudomonadaceae)

• Structure and function of hardwood litter and soil subsystems after chronic gamma irradiation. I. Mesofauna, nitrogen, and total soil respiration

• Structure and function of hardwood litter and soil subsystems after chronic gamma irradiation. II. Microfungi

• Effects of ionizing radiation in leaf fall, decomposition, and litter microarthropods of a montane rain forest

• Frequency distributions of radiocesium concentrations in soil and biota

• Variance components of radiocesium concentrations in plants inhabiting a contaminated floodplain

• Slow accumulation and transfer of radiostrontium by young loblolly pines (Pinus taeda)

• Foliar and root pathways of plutonium contamination of vegetation

• Factors affecting the availability of americium-241 to the rice plant

• Uptake of three isotopes of plutonium from soil by sweet corn grown in a growth chamber

• Americium-241 uptake by bahiagrass as influenced by soil type, lime, and organic matter

• Availability of cobalt-60 to corn and bean seedlings as influenced by soil type, lime, and DTPA

• Availability to plants and soil extraction of americium-241 as influenced by chelating agent, lime, and soil type

• Aerial deposition of plutonium in mixed forest stands from nuclear fuel reprocessing

• Distribution of radiocesium in vegetation along a contaminated stream

• Radiocesium levels in vegetation colonizing a contaminated floodplain

• Seasonal variation in radiocesium concentrations in three tree species

• A multivariate analysis of factors affecting radiocesium uptake by Sagittaria latifolia in coastal plain environments

• Uptake of radiocesium from contaminated floodplain sediments by herbaceous plants

Effects on invertebrates:

• Relationships between levels of radiocesium in dominant plants and arthropods in a contaminated streambed community

Effects on herps and fish:

• Radiocesium concentrations of snakes from contaminated and non-contaminated habitats of the AEC Savannah River Plant

• Biological half-life and distribution of radiocesium in a contaminated population of green treefrogs, Hyla cinerea

• 239Pu contamination in snakes inhabiting the Rocky Flats plant site

• Some aspects of radiocesium retention in naturally contaminated captive snakes

• Effects of chronic gamma irradiation on the fish, Oryzias latipes

• Relationships of weight, length and body composition in the Medaka, Oryzias latipes

Effects on birds:

• Radiocesium in birds of the Savannah River Plant

• Radiocesium dynamics in herons inhabiting a contaminated reservoir system

• The accumulation and elimination of radiocesium by naturally contaminated wood ducks

• Changes in composition and caloric density of whole body homogenates of broilers exposed to acute gamma radiation stress

• The role of banding studies in evaluating the accumulation and cycling of radionuclides and other environmental contaminants in free-living birds

• Responses of commercial broiler chicks to acute gamma radiation stress in the range of 900-1600

• Accumulation and redistribution of radiocaesium by migratory waterfowl inhabiting a reactor cooling reservoir

• Feeding ecology of little blue herons at a radionuclide-contaminated reservoir

Effects on mammals:

• Radiocesium concentrations in whole-body homogenates and several body compartments of naturally contaminated white-tailed deer

• Radionuclide biomagnification in coastal-plain deer

• Comparison of plutonium concentrations in deer from the southeastern United States and in deer from an integrated nuclear fuel cycle facility

• Effects of radiation on reproduction of irradiated cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) trapped from enclosed areas of natural habitat

• Short-term effects of acute sublethal gamma radiation on populations of the old-field mouse, Peromyscus polionotus

 Tracer Studies:

• Food webs of small arthropods of a broomsedge field studied with radio-isotope-labelled fungi

• Radioactive isotopes in studies of population dynamics of small mammals

• Use of radioactively tagged bait to study movement patterns in small mammal populations

• Leaf decomposition and loss of 45Ca from deciduous and evergreen trees

• Calcium cycling and trophic relationships of arthropods in a Ca-45 tagged cornfield

• Oxygen consumption, ambient temperature and excretion of phosphorus-32 in cotton rats

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               Contaminants  Radiation

Studies of radiation:

Overview and techniques:

• The distribution of plutonium, americium and curium isotopes in pond and stream sediments of the Savannah River Plant, South Carolina, USA

• A comparison of the distribution of industrially released 238Pu and fallout 239,240 Pu in temperate, northern United States soils

• Relationships between levels of radiocaesium in components of terrestrial and aquatic food webs of a contaminated streambed and floodplain community

• Reversible ion-exchange fixation of cesium-137 leading to immobilization from reservoir sediments

• Comparison of simulated to actual plutonium deposition at the Savannah River Plant

• Distribution of surface-deposited plutonium in soil after cultivation

• The effect of pH, solid phase, particle concentration and equilibration time on the partition coefficient of curium on natural sediments. Application of Distribution Coefficient to Radiological Assessment Models

• UO22+ - Humate interactions in soft, acid, humate-rich waters

• The effect of seasonal anoxia on the distribution of 239Pu, 241Am, 244Cm, and 137Cs in pond systems of the southeastern United States

• Adsorption of curium-244: effects of dissolved organics and sediment extractions

• Concentrations of 239,240Pu, 137Cs, and 90Sr in the waters of the Laurentian Great Lakes: comparison of 1973 and 1976 values

• Laboratory and field studies of the relative mobility of 239,240Pu and 241Am from lake sediments under oxic and anoxic conditions

• 239,240Pu, 241Am and 232Th in lakes: the effects of seasonal anoxia

Effects on plants:

• Plutonium contents of field crops in the southeastern United States

• Stack-released plutonium in the terrestrial environment of a chemical separations facility

• Uptake of plutonium from soils contaminated by a nuclear fuel chemical separations facility

• Contribution of a nuclear fuel chemical separations facility to the plutonium content of a tobacco crop

• Plutonium contents and fluxes in a soybean crop ecosystem near a nuclear fuel chemical separations facility

• Plutonium contents of broadleaf vegetable crops grown near a nuclear fuel chemical separations facility

• Influence of a nuclear fuel chemical separations facility on the plutonium contents of a wheat crop

• Retention of 238Pu-bearing particles by corn plants

• The interception and retention of 238Pu deposition by orange trees

• Contaminant transport in agroecosystems through retention of soil particles on plant surfaces

• Fallout of cesium-137 on a forest ecosystem in the vicinity of a nuclear fuel reprocessing plant

• The relative importance of uptake and surface adherence in determining the radionuclide contents of subterranean crops

• Curium uptake by crops from naturally-weathered contaminated soil

• Plutonium, curium and other radionuclide uptake by the rice plant from a naturally weathered, contaminated soil

• Mass loading of soil particles on plant surfaces

• Particulate transport processes in agroecosystems: Validation of predictive models

• The accuracy of some simple models for predicting particulate interception and retention in agricultural systems

• Long-term root uptake of radiocesium by several crops

• Long-term availability of Cm and Pu to crop plants

• Uptake of transuranic nuclides from soil by plants grown under controlled environmental conditions

• An evaluation of the use of ratios in environmental transuranic studies

• Increased cesium uptake by water tupelo under inundated conditions

• Uptake of 244Cm, 238Pu and other radionuclides by trees inhabiting a contaminated flood plain

• Normalized specific activities for Pu deposition onto foliage

• Sources of variation in soil plutonium concentrations. Transuranic Elements in the Environment

• The interrelationships among plant biomass, plant surface area and the interception of particulate deposition by grasses

• Factors affecting radiocesium uptake by plants inhabiting a contaminated floodplain

Effects on birds:

• Four-year declines in radiocesium concentrations of American coots inhabiting a nuclear reactor cooling reservoir

• Early growth rates and their relationships to mortalities of five breeds of chickens following exposure to acute gamma radiation stress

• Distribution of 137Cs in the American coot (Fulica americana)

Effects on herps:

• Long-term declines in radiocesium of two sympatric snake populations

• Flow cytometric analysis of the effects of low-level radiation exposure on natural populations of slider turtles (Pseudemys scripta)

• Radiocaesium elimination in the yellow-bellied turtle (Pseudemys scripta)

• Effect of season on the retention of 137Cs and 90Sr by the yellow-bellied slider turtle (Pseudemys scripta)

• Radiocesium levels in a population of American alligators: a model for the study of environmental contaminants in free-living crocodilians

Effects on mammals:

• Portable counter calibration adjustments required to monitor feral swine radiocesium levels

• Radiocesium concentrations in two populations of feral hogs

Tracer Studies:

• Evaluation of the tritiated water method for measurement of transpiration in young Pinus taeda

• Effects of implanted tantalum-182 wire tags on the mole salamander, Ambystoma talpoideum

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               Contaminants  Radiation

1990s       Radiation Studies

Overview and techniques:

• To remediate or not: a case history
• Distribution of long-lived radionuclides in an abandoned reactor cooling reservoir
• Health risks to hypothetical residents of a radioactively contaminated lake bed
• Sedimentation flux of plutonium in a warm, monomictic reservoir
• Quality control in the application of flow cytometry to studies of environmentally-induced genetic damage
• Separation and determination of radiostrontium in calcium carbonate matrices of biological origin
• A comparison of sequential extraction techniques to estimate geochemical controls on the mobility of fission product, actinide, and heavy metal contaminants in soils
• Variance partitioning as a guide for sampling and comparing spatial distributions of Hg and 137 Cs in sediments
• Sources of error associated with sample collection and preparation of nucleated blood cells for flow cytometric analysis
• Effects of a partial drawdown on the dynamics of 137Cs in an abandoned reactor cooling reservoir
• Sorption of Cs and Sr to profundal sediments of a Savannah River site reservoir
• The annual cycle of plutonium in the water column of a warm, monomictic reservoir
• The distribution of 137Cs in sediments of the littoral zone of a former reactor cooling pond
• Temporal trends of 137Cs in an abandoned reactor cooling reservoir
• Determination of site specific binding environments of surface sorbed cesium on clay minerals by Cs-EXAFS
• Levels of cesium, mercury and lead in fish, and cesium in pond sediments in an inhabited region of the Ukraine near Chernobyl
• Contamination near Chernobyl: radiocaesium, lead and mercury in fish and sediment radiocaesium from waters within the 10 km zone
• Variation among model predictions within an IAEA validation exercise
• Estimating human and ecological risks from exposure to radiation. Risk Assessment: Logic and Measurement
• Risks from exposure to radiation. Fundamentals of Ecotoxicology
• Radiographic determination of fecundity: is the technique safe for developing turtle embryos?
• Sensitivity analysis of ecosys-87: an emphasis on the ingestion pathway as a function of a radionuclide and type of disposition

Effects on plants:

• Uptake of 137Cs in vegetable crops grown on a contaminated lakebed
• Atmospheric deposition, resuspension, and root uptake of Pu in corn and other grain-producing agroecosystems near a nuclear fuel facility
• Mass loading of soil particles on a pasture grass
• The accuracy of single-layered and multi-layered dynamic filtration models for particulate interception and retention in plant canopies
• Foliar uptake of 137Cs from the water column by aquatic macrophytes
• Temporal changes and factors influencing 137Cs concentration in vegetation colonizing an exposed lake bed over a three-year period
• Foliar absorption of resuspended 137Cs relative to other pathways of plant contamination
• Soil contamination of plant surfaces from grazing and rainfall interactions
• Contaminated soil on Chernobyl vegetation
• A comparison of techniques used to estimate the amount of resuspended soil on plant surfaces
• Operationally defined availability from sequential extractions compared to plant uptake of 137Cs and 90Sr

Effects on fish and herps:

• Flow cytometric analysis of erythrocyte and leukocyte DNA in fish from Chernobyl-contaminated ponds in the Ukraine
• DNA damage and radiocesium in channel catfish from Chernobyl
• The association of DNA damage to concentrations of mercury and radiocesium in largemouth bass
• 137Cs elimination by chronically-contaminated largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)
• Estimating the energy metabolism of goldfish (Carassius auratus) and southern toads (Bufo terrestris) from 86Rb elimination rates
• Environmental influences on the 137Cs kinetics of the yellow-bellied turtle (Trachemys scripta)
• Genetic damage in a population of slider turtles (Trachemys scripta) inhabiting a radioactive reservoir
• The slider turtle as an environmental sentinel: multiple tissue assays using flow cytometric analysis
• Variation of 137Cs levels between sexes, body sizes and collection localities of mosquitofish, Gambusia holbrooki, inhabiting a reactor cooling reservoir
• Bioaccumulation of cesium-137 in yellow bullhead catfish (Ameiurus natalis) inhabiting an abandoned nuclear reactor reservoir
• Variation in blood cell DNA in Carassius carassius from ponds near Chernobyl, Ukraine
• Variation in DNA content of blood cells of largemouth bass from contaminated and uncontaminated waters
• A screening model approach to determine probable impacts to fish from historic releases of radionuclides
• Enhanced uranium tolerance of an exposed population of Eastern mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki)
• Radioecological techniques for herpetology, with an emphasis on freshwater turtles
• Comparative kinetics of 47Ca, 85Sr and 226Ra in the freshwater turtle, Trachemys scripta

Effects on birds:

• Flow cytometric DNA analysis of ducks accumulating 137Cs on a reactor reservoir
• Alternative agriculture as an option to environmental remediation: the production of poultry in radiologically contaminated areas
• Radiocesium patterns in wood duck eggs and nesting females in a contaminated reservoir
• Birds as indicators of global contamination processes: the Chernobyl connection
• Birds as monitors of radionuclide contamination
• Patterns of radiocesium contamination in eggs of free-ranging wood ducks
• Radiocesium in mourning doves: effects of a contaminated reservoir drawdown and risk to human consumers

Effects on mammals:

• Small mammals from the most radioactive sites near the Chernobyl nuclear power plant
• High levels of genetic change in rodents of Chornobyl

Tracer Studies:

• An evaluation of whole body potassium-40 content for estimating lean and fat mass in pigeons

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               Contaminants  Radiation

Back to SRS aerial  Uplands  Wetlands  Streams 
               Contaminants  Radiation

In preparation